One unexpected outcome of modern production confinement systems for domestic animals has been an increase in diseases resulting from transmission at the wildlife-domestic animal interface.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not determined
• D. Both

Answer: (B)

Confinement systems are designed to limit contact between domestic animals and wildlife, using secure housing, controlled access, waste management, and strict biosecurity. Because transmission at the wildlife–domestic interface requires opportunities for contact, reducing those opportunities tends to lower the risk of spillover. So the idea that modern production confinement would unexpectedly increase diseases at this interface doesn’t align with how these systems are meant to work. Breaches or losses of biosecurity can cause sporadic transmissions, but they’re exceptions rather than the general outcome. The overall expectation is a reduction in wildlife-to-domestic disease transmission, not an increase.